Maile 1 COOPERATIVE INTERSECTION COLLISION AVOIDANCE SYSTEM FOR VIOLATIONS (CICAS-V) FOR AVOIDANCE OF VIOLATION-BASED INTERSECTION CRASHES

Intersection crashes account for 1.72 million crashes per year in the United States. In 2004 stop-sign and traffic signal violations accounted for approximately 302,000 crashes resulting in 163,000 functional lifeyears lost and $7.9 billion of economic loss [1]. The objective of the Cooperative Intersection Collision Avoidance System for Violations (CICAS-V) project was to design, develop, and test a prototype system to prevent crashes by predicting stop-sign and signalcontrolled intersection violations and warning the violating driver. The intersection portion of the system consists of a signal controller capable of exporting signal phase and timing information, a local global positioning system (GPS), and Roadside Equipment (RSE) that includes computing, memory, and Dedicated Short Range Communication (DSRC) radio. The vehicle portion of the system includes onboard equipment for computing and 5.9 GHz DSRC radio connected to the vehicle controller area network (CAN), positioning, and the Driver-Vehicle Interface (DVI). The intersection sends the signal phase and timing, positioning corrections, and a small map (< 1 kb) to the vehicle. The vehicle receives this information and, based on speed and distance to the stop location, predicts whether or not the driver will violate. If a violation is predicted, the driver is warned via a visual/auditory/haptic brake pulse DVI. The system was installed in the vehicles of five Original Equipment Manufacturers (OEMs): Daimler, Ford, General Motors, Honda, and Toyota. Intersections were equipped in California, Michigan, and Virginia. Tests of the system included both onroad and test-track evaluations. System performance was excellent and recommendations were made for continuing with a large field operational test (FOT). The system can be installed at any intersection with sufficient positioning coverage and in any vehicle with an electronic stability system. This system constitutes the first FOT-ready Vehicle Infrastructure Integration safety application